LASER: Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation or LASER in short is a device that concentrates light into a narrow beam. The light thus produced is intense, coherent and unidirectional. LASER has a wide variety of application in eye surgery (LASIK), high-speed metal cutting machines, CD players, hair replacement et al.
Ligand: Ligand is a term used for referring to small molecule or functional group that is bound to other larger molecule, such as carbohydrate, protein or lipid, inducing a biological activity.
LINAC: A Linear Accelerator (LINAC) is a particle accelerator commonly used for external beam radiation treatments of cancer patients. LINAc uses microwave technology to accelerate charged particles.
Linux: Linux is a free Unix-type OS (operating system), the source code for Linux is freely accessible to all users.
Liquid Nitrogen: Liquid Nitrogen is used for a variety of applications. This include freezing of perishable foods, rigidifying plastics and rubbers, preservation of biological materials, producing low temperatures required in cryosurgery et al. The properties of Liquid Nitrogen -noninflammable, odourless, colourless, inert, non-corrosive and very cold makes it a good choice for variety of applications.
Leukaemia: Leukaemia is a cancer of the white blood cells mainly affecting children and young people.
Microrobotics: Microrobotics is a futuristic field of studying robotics at the micron scale. Microrobotics applications are used in medicine (non-invasive surgery), cell biology et al. Microrobotics can be broadly classified into two main categories. Manipulating micron sized objects using larger robots and fabricating tiny intelligent robotic systems from micron sized parts.
Millimeter Wave: Millimeter Wave Technology is a technology to transmit signals at comparatively high frequencies. Millimeter Wave Technology is increasingly making its mark commercially. In imaging applications at Airports and high security threat areas, Millimeter Wave technology can bounce non-harmful electromagnetic waves off the passenger’s body and producing a black and white three-dimensional image. Other than security applications the technology also finds increasing use in communications and traffic-control systems.
Microprocessor: A microprocessor aka CPU (central processing unit) is the brain of the computer whether a desktop or Laptop. It is a complete computation engine fabricated on a on a single integrated circuit or chip.
MEMS Technology: Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is an emerging technology for making microscopic machines. Using microfabrication technology, MEMS integrates actuators, mechanical elements, sensors and electronics on a common silicon substrate. MEMS is a groundbreaking technology which makes possible the realization of a complete systems-on-a-chip by fusion of silicon-based microelectronics with micromachining technology.
MOSFET: MOSFET or Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor technology is today one of the most popular semiconductor techniques. It is considered a key element in integrated circuit technology. The MOSFET devices can be split into various categories such as N-channel, P-channel, Depletion mode and Enhancement mode MOSFET. In most of the modern devices the transition from bipolar transistors to MOSFETs is complete. A typical MOSFET contains an n-(p-) doped silicon substrate along with two, highly p-(n-) doped contacts- drain and a source. The channel region in between is covered by the gate oxide, a thin insulating layer. The gate-oxide remains in touch with the gate electrode.
MC-CDMA: Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access or MCC-DMA is a relatively new concept to be used in telecommunication systems. MC-CDMA is a combination of OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) and CDMA (code division multiple access) both radio access techniques.
Metadata: Metadata essentially provides a description about other data. For example in a webpage the information about the content is provided by metadata. Web pages include metadata by way of Meta tags. Search engines use this data while adding pages of websites to their search indices.
Nanometrology: Nanometrology essentially refers to the science of measurement at nanoscale level. Nanometrology has a crucial role in manufacturing technology- producing nanomaterials and devices where the requirements are highly demanding. Moving from manufacturing, Nanometrology now encompasses measurement of species or events on a nano-scale also.
Noble metals: Gold(Au), Silver(Ag), and Platinum Group metals(PGMs) this include Platinum(Pt), Palladium(Pd), Rhodium(Rh), Ruthenium(Ru), Osmium(Os) and Iridium(Ir) all belongs to the category of Noble metals. They are chemically inert and noncorrosive, does not react with most of the acids (chemically inert) and is inactive towards oxygen.
Open Source Tools: Open Source Tools are free software available to the consumers. There are many types of Open Source Tools available which has seen a considerable rise with the advent of internet. The diverse platforms of Open Source Tools include peer-to -peer networking, video and audio streaming, programs for writing text, multimedia solutions et al. The users of Open source tools have also access to the source code, so that they can alter part of the program to suit their needs.
Open Reading Frame: Open reading frame (ORF) refers to the sequence of DNA or RNA that is located between the initiation codon (start-code sequence) and termination codon (stop-code sequence).
Optoelectronics: Optoelectronics also known alternately as Photonics is a branch of physics, especially electronics that uses light for processing and transferring data. Optoelectronics is today an integral part of everyday life. Devices like Barcode reader, CD player, TV remote control are few examples of Optoelectronics.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a method of broadband multicarrier modulation. In this method, a signal is allowed to split into numerous narrowband channels at varying frequencies. In the UHF and microwave spectrum, OFDM is fine with high-speed digital data transmission, superior performance and wide benefits.
Ontology: In the realm of IT and Computer Science, Ontology refers to the exact description of things as well as their relationships. In the context of web, Ontology is precisely describing the web information and relationships between web information.
Orca: Orca is a free, open source, screen reading and magnification software for visually challenged people.
Parallel Processing: Parallel Processing refers to the technique of using two or more microprocessors in tandem to process a common assignment for obtaining faster results. The computer resources can be a number of computers interconnected via a network or a single computer with multiple processors or both. Data is accessed by processors through shared memory. Projects such as weather modelling and digital special effects requiring complex computations take the help of Parallel Processing.
Polyketide Synthase: Polyketides are valuable therapeutic agents produced as secondary metabolites from bacteria, fungi, plants and few animals. They display a diverse range of biological activities and are pharmacologically very important. Polyketides gets synthesised by sequential reactions, with a family of enzyme called PKSs (Polyketide Synthases) acting as a catalyst.
Pyrolysis: Pyrolysis refers to a process of incineration or heating to decompose organic materials without oxygen. As a result, the hazardous organic materials get transformed to small traces of liquids, gases and solid residues. A Pyrolysis process typically targets contaminant groups such as SVOCs and pesticides.
Proteomic: In Bioinformatics, Proteomic refers to identification of proteins in the body. Proteomic makes it possible to link the genome sequence and the cellular behaviour.
Photoluminescence: The term Photoluminescence describes a highly sensitive spectroscopic method for process control and development of semiconductors. In this method light is first absorbed generating an excited state. Subsequently, upon relaxation light of lower energy is re-emitted to a ground state.
Perovskite: Perovskite is a relatively minor mineral but is much sought after for its rare earth metal content. It has a formula CaTiO3. Perovskite gets its name from Russian mineralogist, Count Lev Aleksevich von Perovski.
Plasma Display Panels: Plasma Display Panels or PDPs are now very popular in consumer electronics products with their use in flat-panel TVs and computer monitors. Plasma monitors make use of fixed matrix technologies. PDPs display excellent picture quality, wider viewing angle along with a host of other features at the same time being eco-friendly.
Perceptual Psychology: Perceptual psychology is a subset of cognitive psychology that is concerned on processing of sensory information.
Perceptual Robotics: Perceptual Robotics is a science that links neuroscience with robotics.
Q CAD: Q-CAD is an easy to handle and highly effective software for creating quilting patterns graphically.
Routers: Routers are physical devices in computer networking that is used to join together multiple wired or wireless networks. The work that a router performs is termed as Routing. To put it in simple terms, Routers are devices that facilitate computers to interconnect or communicate with other computers including other computer hardware. Both wireless and wired Routers are popular.
Rare Earth Doped Fiber: Rare Earth Doped Fiber is a special type of Optical Fiber, where ions of rare-earth elements like Erbium(Er), Neodymium (Nd) or Holmium (Ho), is incorporated into the Glass Core matrix. This results in high absorption with low loss performances in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions.
Reconfigurable Computing: Reconfigurable computing is a combination of hardware and software. In the Reconfigurable Computing platform Processors like Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), after modification at the hardware level can perform numerous processing tasks.
Remote Sensing: Remote Sensing refers to the science of garnering data/information based on some property (temporal, spectral and spatial) which concerns areas, objects or even a phenomenon. Interestingly, the recording devices would not be coming into physical contact with the things under surveillance (objects or area or phenomenon)
Resilient Packet Ring (RPR): Resilient Packet Ring technology, designed to carry packet traffic efficiently over rings, is a geographically bifurcated “distributed switching” architecture characterised by extensive performance monitoring and network restoration and offering highly flexible deployment choices. The standardized technology specified by IEEE 802.17 standard is designed to bring sub-50ms ring-based resiliency to packet-switched network architecture. RPR effectively addresses the problems and limitations associated with voice and data networks. As a single common network it efficiently handles voice over IP (VoIP), Ethernet and IP, video et al
Radio Frequency: Radio Frequency (RF or rf): Radio Frequency refers to the generation of electromagnetic wave or field when alternating electrical current with specific features is fed to an antenna. RF is used for wireless broadcast and communication over long distances.
RNA: Ribonucleic acids are essentially a class of nucleic acids that act as a carrier for genetic information as well as catalyzing important biochemical reactions. RNAs contain sugar ribose and the organic base uracil. Most of the RNA molecules, which include m-rna (messenger RNA) and t-rna (transfer RNA), assume the role of cellular intermediaries. This means, they are able to convert stored genetic information in DNA into proteins thus providing cells with structure and enabling them to perform metabolism. In some lower organisms like viruses it is the RNA that serves as the hereditary material.
Routers: Routers are physical devices in computer networking that is used to join together multiple wired or wireless networks. The work that a router performs is termed as Routing. To put it in simple terms, Routers are devices that facilitate computers to interconnect or communicate with other computers including other computer hardware. Both wireless and wired Routers are popular.
SaaS (Software-As-A-Service): Software as a Service abbreviated as SaaS is a popular software distribution model, with customers getting delivery of the software over the World Wide Web (WWW). Saas is characterised by simple deployment procedure, reduced expenditure in customer acquisition, flexibility- allowing support for many customers with a single version of the software.
Sequence Alignment: In bioinformatics, a Sequence Alignment is a process to arrange the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify and highlight similar regions.
Semiconductor: A Semiconductor is a material characterised by a behaviour that is in between a conductor and an insulator. This property makes them suitable for a wide ranging application in electronics. Silicon, Germanium and Pentacene are popular Semiconductor materials.
Software Defined Radio: Software-Defined Radio abbreviated as SDR is a wireless mode of communication where a computer defines or generates the transmitter modulation. With SDR, a single wireless device is able to support a wide range of capabilities. SDR has made possible what could earlier be done only by integrating multiple radio components.
SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition abbreviated as SCADA is essentially a computer system for collecting data from various sensors at plants and factories, or even in remote locations and then directing the data collected to a central computer which then manages controls and analyzes the real time data.
SCADA systems can be both simple and complex with the emphasis is on collecting and disseminating the exact system information to the appropriate computer within a specified time for fast troubleshooting. SCADA systems are now very popular in industries- telecom, steel plants and power plants as well as in experimental facilities.
SCADA systems can be both simple and complex with the emphasis is on collecting and disseminating the exact system information to the appropriate computer within a specified time for fast troubleshooting. SCADA systems are now very popular in industries- telecom, steel plants and power plants as well as in experimental facilities.
Single Channel Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM): In telecom parlance, a Single Channel Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM) is used for utilized for adding or dropping single wavelength in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing optical networks. Single Channel Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM) is known to provide a stable wavelength, good isolation by integrating thin film filter technology and optical path packaging techniques which are epoxy-free
Smart Antennas: Smart Antennas are changing the face of modern digital wireless communication systems with increased spectral efficiency, maximum range and clarity. Along with increasing use in mobile communications, they are used in RADAR systems, aerospace, GIS mapping and host of other applications. Smart Antennas can be broadly classified into 3 categories of Single Input, Multiple Output (SIMO), Multiple Input, Single Output (MISO) and Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO).
Steganography: Steganography refers to the technique of hiding information. Modern Steganography intends exchanging secret messages through video, digital images, audio and encoded messages in computer software using passwords or algorithms along with a host of other techniques. Steganography applications are available on different platforms.
Teraflop: A Teraflop measures computing performance. Teraflop typically defines a computer processor’s speed and refers to the number of floating point operations (FLOPS) it can perform per second. The speed is generally denoted as 1012 floating-point operations per second or trillion floating point operations per second. Teraflop computers find use in high-end research facilities and strategic applications.
Taxonomy: Taxonomy derives its meaning from Greek language. Taxis = arrangement or division, Nomo’s = law. In the context of web portals, taxonomies are often prepared for providing a description to categories and subcategories of a website’s topics.
Tunnel Magneto resistance: Tunnel Magneto resistance abbreviated as TMR refers to the spin polarization (SP) of electrons occurring in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs)
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